SD Dojavi
OSMRTNICE
PRETPLATA
PREMIUM
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U Kongu se opet pojavila ebola, opasna bolest koja ima visoku smrtnost. Najnovija je žrtva trogodišnji dječak.

Evo što znamo o toj bolesti:

- Marburški i Ebola virus su filovirusi koji uzrokuju krvarenje, višestruko zatajenje organa i visoku smrtnost. Dijagnoza se postavlja enzimskom imunoapsorbirajućom pretragom, PCR–om ili elektronskom mikroskopijom. Liječenje je potporno. Za obuzdavanje epidemije potrebna je stroga izolacija i mjere karantene. Do epidemija je došlo rijetko i sporadično. U većini slučajeva postojalo je izlaganje nehumanim primatima iz subsaharske Afrike ili na Filipinima; međutim, prijenosnik i rezervoar nisu poznati. Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka se zbiva dodirom kože i sluznica sa zaraženom osobom ili drugim primatom. Pretpostavlja se i prijenos aerosolom - navodi Medicinski priručnik.

- Nakon inkubacije od 5 do 10 dana, nastaje vrućica, mijalgija i glavobolja, često uz trbušne (mučnina, povraćanje, bol, proljev) i simptome gornjeg dišnog sustava (kašalj, bol u prsima, faringitis). Također dolazi do fotofobije, crvenila spojnice oka, žutice i limfadenopatije. Mogu se razviti delirij, stupor i koma, ukazujući na zahvaćanje CNS–a. Hemoragični simptomi započinju u prvih nekoliko dana a obuhvaćaju petehije, ekhimoze i jasno krvarenje oko mjesta uboda i na sluznicama. Oko 5. dana započinje makulopapularni osip, ponajprije na trupu. U 2. tjednu simptoma dolazi ili do njihovog ublažavanja ili do smrtonosnog višestrukog zatajenja organa. Oporavak je dugotrajan i može se zakomplicirati recidivirajućim hepatitisom, uveitisom, transverzalnim mijelitisom i orhitisom. Smrtnost iznosi od 25 do 90% (veća je kod Ebole) - kažu stručnjaci.

- Na infekciju Marburškim ili Ebola virusom se posumnja u bolesnika sa sklonošću krvarenju, vrućicom i putovanjem u endemska područja ili izloženošću primatima u tim područjima. U slučaju sumnje se izvodi KKS, uobičajene biokemijske pretrage krvi, testovi jetrene funkcije i koagulacije te pretraga mokraće. Dijagnostičke pretrage su enzimska imunoapsorbirajuća pretraga krvi i PCR. Zlatni standard je otkrivanje karakterističnih viriona elektronskom mikroskopijom koja se izvodi na zaraženom tkivu (osobito jetri) ili krvi. Ne postoji učinkovito cjepivo niti liječenje, premda se trenutno radi na razvoju cjepiva. Liječenje je potporno i obuhvaća minimalno invazivne postupke te nadomještanje potrošenih faktora koagulacije.

Mjere predostrožnosti u vidu nošenja maske i rukavica, podrobne sterilizacije opreme, zatvaranja bolnica i obrazovanje unutar zajednice skratile su trajanje epidemija. U svim sumnjivim slučajevima i s mrtvim tijelima potrebni su stroga izolacija i posebni postupci. SAD ima stroge postupke karantene kako bi spriječila uvoz zaraženih majmuna - navodi Medicinski priručnik.

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Tisuće preminulih

Epidemija u Zapadnoj Africi započela je u ožujku 2014. godine u Gvineji, nakon čega se proširila u Nigeriju, Liberiju, Mali i Sierra Leone. Radi se o definitivno najvećoj i najsloženijoj epidemiji ebole još od otkrića virusa 1976. godine; naime, samo u ovoj epidemiji zabilježeno je više smrtnih slučajeva nego u svim drugima zajedno.

Početkom studenog 2014. godine potvrđeno je ukupno 14413 slučajeva bolesti (od kojih 8920 potvrđenih u laboratoriju) te 5177 preminulih. Stopa smrtnosti kreće se između 50 i 70 posto, piše Pliva zdravlje. 

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) priznala je da navedene brojke ne ocrtavaju pravo stanje stvari, uzevši u obzir teškoće pri skupljanju podataka. Pojedinačni slučajevi zabilježeni su i u povratnika iz ugroženih zemalja. Premda je došlo do sekundarne infekcije zdravstvenih radnika, infekcija se nije proširila.

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U Kongu se opet pojavila ebola, opasna bolest koja ima visoku smrtnost. Najnovija je žrtva trogodišnji dječak.

Evo što znamo o toj bolesti:

- Marburški i Ebola virus su filovirusi koji uzrokuju krvarenje, višestruko zatajenje organa i visoku smrtnost. Dijagnoza se postavlja enzimskom imunoapsorbirajućom pretragom, PCR–om ili elektronskom mikroskopijom. Liječenje je potporno. Za obuzdavanje epidemije potrebna je stroga izolacija i mjere karantene. Do epidemija je došlo rijetko i sporadično. U većini slučajeva postojalo je izlaganje nehumanim primatima iz subsaharske Afrike ili na Filipinima; međutim, prijenosnik i rezervoar nisu poznati. Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka se zbiva dodirom kože i sluznica sa zaraženom osobom ili drugim primatom. Pretpostavlja se i prijenos aerosolom - navodi Medicinski priručnik.

- Nakon inkubacije od 5 do 10 dana, nastaje vrućica, mijalgija i glavobolja, često uz trbušne (mučnina, povraćanje, bol, proljev) i simptome gornjeg dišnog sustava (kašalj, bol u prsima, faringitis). Također dolazi do fotofobije, crvenila spojnice oka, žutice i limfadenopatije. Mogu se razviti delirij, stupor i koma, ukazujući na zahvaćanje CNS–a. Hemoragični simptomi započinju u prvih nekoliko dana a obuhvaćaju petehije, ekhimoze i jasno krvarenje oko mjesta uboda i na sluznicama. Oko 5. dana započinje makulopapularni osip, ponajprije na trupu. U 2. tjednu simptoma dolazi ili do njihovog ublažavanja ili do smrtonosnog višestrukog zatajenja organa. Oporavak je dugotrajan i može se zakomplicirati recidivirajućim hepatitisom, uveitisom, transverzalnim mijelitisom i orhitisom. Smrtnost iznosi od 25 do 90% (veća je kod Ebole) - kažu stručnjaci.

- Na infekciju Marburškim ili Ebola virusom se posumnja u bolesnika sa sklonošću krvarenju, vrućicom i putovanjem u endemska područja ili izloženošću primatima u tim područjima. U slučaju sumnje se izvodi KKS, uobičajene biokemijske pretrage krvi, testovi jetrene funkcije i koagulacije te pretraga mokraće. Dijagnostičke pretrage su enzimska imunoapsorbirajuća pretraga krvi i PCR. Zlatni standard je otkrivanje karakterističnih viriona elektronskom mikroskopijom koja se izvodi na zaraženom tkivu (osobito jetri) ili krvi. Ne postoji učinkovito cjepivo niti liječenje, premda se trenutno radi na razvoju cjepiva. Liječenje je potporno i obuhvaća minimalno invazivne postupke te nadomještanje potrošenih faktora koagulacije.

Mjere predostrožnosti u vidu nošenja maske i rukavica, podrobne sterilizacije opreme, zatvaranja bolnica i obrazovanje unutar zajednice skratile su trajanje epidemija. U svim sumnjivim slučajevima i s mrtvim tijelima potrebni su stroga izolacija i posebni postupci. SAD ima stroge postupke karantene kako bi spriječila uvoz zaraženih majmuna - navodi Medicinski priručnik.

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Tisuće preminulih

Epidemija u Zapadnoj Africi započela je u ožujku 2014. godine u Gvineji, nakon čega se proširila u Nigeriju, Liberiju, Mali i Sierra Leone. Radi se o definitivno najvećoj i najsloženijoj epidemiji ebole još od otkrića virusa 1976. godine; naime, samo u ovoj epidemiji zabilježeno je više smrtnih slučajeva nego u svim drugima zajedno.

Početkom studenog 2014. godine potvrđeno je ukupno 14413 slučajeva bolesti (od kojih 8920 potvrđenih u laboratoriju) te 5177 preminulih. Stopa smrtnosti kreće se između 50 i 70 posto, piše Pliva zdravlje. 

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) priznala je da navedene brojke ne ocrtavaju pravo stanje stvari, uzevši u obzir teškoće pri skupljanju podataka. Pojedinačni slučajevi zabilježeni su i u povratnika iz ugroženih zemalja. Premda je došlo do sekundarne infekcije zdravstvenih radnika, infekcija se nije proširila.

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Issouf Sanogo/AFP
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StoryEditorOCM
SvijetHemoragični simptomi

Ponovno se pojavila ebola, strašna bolest koja može imati i smrtnost od 90 posto. Žrtve tog virusa iskrvare, a učinkovitog liječenja još nema

Piše PSD
9. listopada 2021. - 19:21
19034832
PREMIUM
Issouf Sanogo/AFP

U Kongu se opet pojavila ebola, opasna bolest koja ima visoku smrtnost. Najnovija je žrtva trogodišnji dječak.

Evo što znamo o toj bolesti:

- Marburški i Ebola virus su filovirusi koji uzrokuju krvarenje, višestruko zatajenje organa i visoku smrtnost. Dijagnoza se postavlja enzimskom imunoapsorbirajućom pretragom, PCR–om ili elektronskom mikroskopijom. Liječenje je potporno. Za obuzdavanje epidemije potrebna je stroga izolacija i mjere karantene. Do epidemija je došlo rijetko i sporadično. U većini slučajeva postojalo je izlaganje nehumanim primatima iz subsaharske Afrike ili na Filipinima; međutim, prijenosnik i rezervoar nisu poznati. Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka se zbiva dodirom kože i sluznica sa zaraženom osobom ili drugim primatom. Pretpostavlja se i prijenos aerosolom - navodi ...

#EBOLA
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11. svibanj 2024 17:11